Search This Blog

Showing posts with label IMF. Show all posts
Showing posts with label IMF. Show all posts

Friday, 7 August 2026

Swaziland Newsletter No. 938 – 7 August 2026

 News from and about Swaziland, compiled by Global Aktion, Denmark (www.globalaktion.dk) in collaboration with Swazi Media Commentary (www.swazimedia.blogspot.com), and sent to all with an interest in Swaziland - free of charge. The newsletter and past editions are also available online on the Swazi Media Commentary blogsite.

 

New regulations to crack whip on online media

By Ntombi Mhlongo, Times of eSwatini, 4 August 2026

SOURCE 

MBABANE: For some time, government has struggled with creating a fair, ethical and accountable digital media environment while addressing growing concerns over unregulated online publishing platforms.

With each passing year, there are concerns in the media industry that the absence of a registration and licensing framework for online media platforms has created an uneven playing field.

The argument is that digital publishers are able to compete for audiences and advertising without incurring the statutory permit and licensing costs borne by mainstream media.

The argument is that mainstream media is required to obtain statutory permits and licences, pay the associated fees and comply with regulatory obligations.

These requirements increase their operating costs and subject them to formal oversight.

Many online media platforms, if they are not currently subject to the same licensing and registration requirements, avoid those costs while competing for the same audience, advertising revenue and influence.

As a result, there is now a feeling that traditional media organisations are competing on unequal terms because they bear regulatory and financial obligations that some online publishers do not.  In particular, the argument is that there is a creation of an uneven regulatory landscape within Eswatini’s media industry.

The Ministry of Information, Communication and Technology (ICT), was recently called to provide answers in Parliament on what is being done to regulate the mushrooming online news platforms.

The minister was particularly asked to state the legal frameworks that are in place to regulate such platforms.

….

The ministry revealed that it has completed the development of the Online Media Publishing Guidelines 2026, which introduce a registration requirement for online publishers and require them to adhere to established journalistic and ethical standards.

According to the ministry, the Guidelines form part of broader efforts to strengthen accountability within the online media sector while ensuring that digital publishers are subject to professional standards similar to those expected of traditional media organisations.

The ministry stated that the guidelines provide for several important requirements intended to improve the quality and integrity of online publishing.

These include provisions dealing with the verification and accuracy of news content, procedures for corrections and retractions where inaccurate information has been published, the protection of personal privacy, safeguards for children and other vulnerable persons, prohibited conduct and the responsible use of artificial intelligence (AI) in publishing.

It explained that the overall objective of the Guidelines is to foster greater accountability and professionalism within the online media sector while creating a more balanced regulatory environment for all publishers.

The ministry indicated that the framework is intended to respond directly to concerns that the current regulatory landscape has become skewed as digital platforms continue to grow in number and influence.

To read more of this report, click here

https://times.co.sz/40740/news/new-regulations-to-crack-whip-on-online-media/

See also

High licence fee kills local tv dreams (Times of eSwatini)

https://times.co.sz/40566/news/high-licence-fee-kills-local-tv-dreams/

 

Agriculture must create jobs wealth for youth – Minister Tshawuka

By Sifiso Nhlabatsi, eSwatini Positive News, 5 August 2026

SOURCE 

EZULWINI: Agriculture must create jobs and wealth for young people.

This was the central message from Minister of Agriculture Mandla Tshawuka during the official launch of the Agriculture Sector Review (ASR) and the Agricultural Solutions Marketplace held as part of the National Strategic Dialogue on Transforming Agriculture and Agribusiness in Eswatini at Happy Valley Hotel yesterday.

The minister said government was determined to transform the country’s agricultural sector into one that is commercially competitive, climate-resilient, innovative and driven by technology. He said agriculture should no longer be viewed merely as a means of subsistence but as a modern business capable of creating employment, improving household incomes and making a greater contribution to national economic growth.

“We want agriculture to create decent jobs for our youth, generate wealth for farmers, improve household incomes and contribute significantly to national economic growth,” Tshawuka said.

To read more of this report, click here

https://eswatinipositivenews.online/agriculture-must-create-jobs-wealth-for-youth-minister-tshawuka/

 

Persons with disabilities highlight barriers faced while shopping

By Phiwase Phungwayo, eSwatini Observer, 4 August 2026

SOURCE 

Persons with disabilities have called for greater accessibility and improved customer service in retail stores, highlighting the daily challenges they face when shopping.

The concerns were raised during the DPM Trolley Dash Drive at Pick n Pay Mashayitafula yesterday, where beneficiaries shared their experiences of navigating retail spaces.

Victor Mpila, who represented people with hearing impairments, said communication remained a major challenge, as shop assistants often assumed that customers with hearing impairments could hear normally.

He said the situation becomes even more difficult when assistants are unable to communicate using sign language, leaving people with hearing impairments struggling to access assistance while shopping.

Wheelchair users also raised concerns about inaccessible store layouts, particularly shelves positioned beyond their reach.

One beneficiary said wheelchair users were often overtaken by other shoppers, while products placed on high shelves were difficult or impossible for them to access independently.

Nelisiwe Shiba, who has albinism, said people often assumed that because persons with albinism appeared able-bodied, they had no visual difficulties.

She said the small size of numbers and words on price tags made it difficult for people with albinism to see prices, potentially affecting their ability to compare products and make informed purchasing decisions.

Sibusiso Maziya, who has a visual impairment, said shopping could be particularly challenging because assistants sometimes simply point customers towards products without explaining what was available.

He said this means that shoppers with visual impairments could miss out on cheaper alternatives and ultimately spend more money than they could afford.

The beneficiaries called for retailers to improve accessibility, train staff on disability inclusion and ensure that all customers can shop with dignity and independence.

Meanwhile, DPM Thulisile Dladla yesterday launched the country’s first-ever trolley dash competition specifically targeting unemployed people with disabilities, in a move aimed at promoting inclusion and challenging businesses to make their services more accessible.

The E30 000 trolley dash drive saw nine beneficiaries given the opportunity to shop for basic groceries worth up to E2 000 each at Pick n Pay Mashayitafula yesterday.

Sibongile Khumalo smiles alongside Siphocosini MP Mduduzi Matsebula, who is also minister of health after doing her shopping during the first-ever Trolley Dash Competition for Persons with Disabilities


To read more of this report, click here

https://www.eswatiniobserver.com/persons-with-disabilities-highlight-barriers-faced-while-shopping/

 

U.S., eSwatini strengthen E4 billion health partnership for the future

By Gcwalisile Mhlabane, eSwatini Positive News, 5 August 2026

SOURCE 

MANZINI: The United States and the Kingdom of Eswatini are deepening a multi-billion-emalangeni health partnership that will strengthen the country’s healthcare system, protect communities from future disease outbreaks and build a more resilient health sector for generations to come.

The long-term collaboration was highlighted during the 16th East, Central and Southern Africa Health Community (ECSA-HC) Best Practices Forum held at The George Hotel in Manzini, where health leaders from across the region gathered to share successful healthcare solutions and strengthen regional cooperation.

Speaking during the forum, Kristine Clark, Team Lead for the Office of Foreign Assistance at the U.S. Embassy in Eswatini, said the partnership demonstrates the United States’ continued confidence in Eswatini’s healthcare achievements and its commitment to supporting the country’s next phase of health sector development.

Clark revealed that the two countries signed a five-year bilateral health Memorandum of Understanding in December 2025 worth between E3.48 billion and E4 billion, including a US$205 million contribution from the United States Government.

The agreement, which runs from 2026 to 2030, introduces a co-investment approach that promotes shared responsibility, accountability and increased national ownership of healthcare programmes, positioning Eswatini to sustain its health gains well into the future.

“The United States is proud to continue deepening this partnership between our two governments,” Clark said.

The investment will support critical health priorities, including expanding HIV prevention, treatment and care services, strengthening tuberculosis control programmes, improving health information systems, enhancing laboratory detection capacity and reinforcing disease surveillance across the country.

To read more of this report, click here

https://eswatinipositivenews.online/u-s-eswatini-strengthen-e4-billion-health-partnership-for-the-future/

  

eSwatini growth to slow after strong 2025 performance: IMF

By Lesego Lebuso, Channel Africa, 5 August 2026

SOURCE 

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) says eSwatini’s economic growth is expected to moderate in 2026 despite strong expansion last year, as fiscal and external risks remain elevated. 

An IMF team led by Xiangming Li visited Mbabane from July 23 to August 5 for discussions on the 2026 Article IV Consultation with the Kingdom of eSwatini. 

Li said real gross domestic product (GDP) growth accelerated to 4.9% in 2025, supported by large public and private investment projects. However, unemployment remains high at 33.5%. 

Growth is expected to slow in 2026 because of higher fuel costs, weaker global demand, tighter financing conditions, weather-related disruptions and easing investment activity. 

Inflation moderated in 2025 and continued to decline in early 2026 before rising to 2.6% in June. The IMF expects higher fuel prices to push up average inflation for the year. “The outlook is subject to significant downside risks,” Li said. 

Li said a prolonged conflict in the Middle East could raise fuel and fertiliser prices, weaken external demand and increase fiscal pressures. Climate shocks, particularly drought and erratic rainfall, could also disrupt agriculture, increase food prices and worsen poverty. 

eSwatini’s external position improved modestly in 2025, with the current account surplus widening from 2.1% of GDP in 2024 to 2.4%. However, gross international reserves remained low at 2.5 months of imports at the end of 2025. 

The IMF said the current account surplus is expected to narrow because of higher fuel costs and strong investment-related imports. 

To read more of this report, click here

https://www.channelafrica.co.za/channelafrica/news/eswatini-growth-to-slow-after-strong-2025-performance-imf/

 

Our lives are in danger – Psychiatric orderlies

By Bongiwe Dlamini, eSwatini Observer, 6 August 2026

SOURCE 

Orderlies at the National Psychiatric Referral Hospital in Manzini have accused the administration of placing their lives at risk by refusing to implement a two-shift system.

They said the current three-shift arrangement left them overworked, exposed to violent patients and without adequate support.

The aggrieved workers yesterday picketed outside the hospital before presenting a petition to the administrator, detailing what they described as unsafe working conditions and a lack of engagement by management.

They said the three-shift system left only one orderly to care for more than 60 patients in each ward, increasing the risk of assault while attending to violent psychiatric patients.

According to the workers, several orderlies had sustained serious injuries over the years, with some losing fingers, parts of their ears and suffering other physical assaults while on duty.

They alleged that despite reporting these incidents to management, the only assistance they received was pain medication and verbal apologies.

The workers further claimed that although government provides for overtime payments where applicable, the administrator allegedly refuses to approve their overtime claims.

They also said they did not receive hardship allowances despite the hazardous nature of their work.

The orderlies argued that physically handling violent psychiatric patients was not part of their original job description.

They said their core responsibilities were cleaning hospital wards, floors, surfaces and ablution facilities, requisitioning cleaning materials, and collecting and washing laundry.

However, they said their duties had expanded significantly due to the nature of the patients at the hospital.

They said their current duties included responsibilities that went far beyond housekeeping.

According to the workers, they were required to receive and manage violent psychiatric patients upon admission, provide security to patients around the clock, physically restrain aggressive patients, separate patients involved in fights and ensure patients remained safely confined within the facility.

To read more of this report, click here

https://www.eswatiniobserver.com/our-lives-are-in-danger-psychiatric-orderlies/

 

SWAZI MEDIA COMMENTARY

Find us:

Blog: https://swazimedia.blogspot.com/

Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/groups/142383985790674

 

 

Friday, 2 May 2025

Swaziland Newsletter No. 875 – 2 May 2025

 

Swaziland Newsletter No. 875 – 2 May 2025

 

News from and about Swaziland, compiled by Global Aktion, Denmark (www.globalaktion.dk) in collaboration with Swazi Media Commentary (www.swazimedia.blogspot.com), and sent to all with an interest in Swaziland - free of charge. The newsletter is also available online on the Swazi Media Commentary blogsite.

 

eSwatini workers celebrating May Day under an extremely oppressive environment, no salary increment for civil servants amid escalating costs of living

By Zweli Martin Dlamini, Swaziland News,1 May 2025

SOURCE 

MBABANE: Workers in the Kingdom of eSwatini are celebrating the May Day under an extremely oppressive environment amid reluctance by the Government to increase salaries for civil servants including members of the security forces.

Eswatini is an absolute Monarchy with oppressive laws and, despite the enactment of the Industrial Relations Act that promotes freedom and the rights of workers, the country has been restricting and suppressing workers from exercising their right to protest.

Political parties are banned in eSwatini and in the past few weeks, State police officers have been embarking on a crackdown on pro-democracy activists particularly, members of the main and largest People’s United Democratic Movement (PUDEMO), dispersing meetings thus violating the right to freedom of assembly and association.

But even the legally recognized trade unions are reportedly receiving threats from the Government for associating with political parties and, urged not to allow these political entities to use the May Day as political rallies.

As a result, the Trade Union Congress of Swaziland (TUCOSWA) banned political formations from addressing the May Workers Day Celebration on Thursday at the Salesian Sports Grounds.

Political parties normally seize the opportunity during the annual May Day Celebration to address workers, in a country where political parties are not allowed to hold meetings or use the highly censored State media to address the Nation.

But the political parties were divided ahead of the May Workers Day with some demanded to speak “during the May Workers Day if the main and largest People’s United Democratic Movement (PUDEMO) is also allowed to address the workers”.

Responding to this Swaziland News amid emerging information suggesting that, political parties were scrambling to address the May Day, TUCOSWA Secretary General Mduduzi Gina said, a resolution was taken by affiliates, banning all political parties from addressing the May Workers Day but clarified that, these political parties will attend as invited as Guests.

Gina further clarified that, he was not aware of any division adding that, to the best of his knowledge, the message “has been communicated to the political parties and, they have been formally informed that, they won’t address the May Day.

“We don’t regard this as a division, this was a decision of the TUCOSWA General Council, political parties won’t address the May Day Celebration”, he said.

Reached for comments by this publication, Penuel Malinga, the Secretary General of the People’s United Democratic Movement (PUDEMO) said, they will respect the decision of the TUCOSWA leadership in this regard.

“May Day is Workers Day and we have been invited as guests which we appreciate. If you are an invited guest, you take orders from those who invited you. Workers are PUDEMO so we believe in the leadership of the workers to guide us amid the socio-economic challenges facing the country,” he said.

 

FESWATU to celebrate 10 years on Workers Day

By Starsky Mkhonta, eSwatini Observer, Press Reader edition, 28 April 2025

SOURCE 

THE Federation of Swaziland Trade Unions (FESWATU) will celebrate its 10th anniversary during this year’s May Day.

This was disclosed by FESWATU President Mashumi Shongwe, who said this year marked a milestone for the federation.

He said the event would be held at Simunye, adding that the venue was selected due to its excellent facilities capable of accommodating a gathering of large magnitude.

“Simunye has all the necessary facilities and equipment suitable for an event like this, which is why we’ve decided to book it again this year.

“FESWATU leadership is satisfied with the venue and arrangements,” said Shongwe.

He said they were anticipating a bigger and better celebration and anticipating an attendance of over 10 000 people.

“As we mark 10 years since FESWATU was established, this achievement and other organisations involved in charity to improve the lives the vulnerable and less privileged,” said Hadebe.

Shongwe said to ensure safety and order at the stadium, there would be strict controls. “Attendees will be required to present membership cards at the gate. We don’t want chaos looking at the expected number of people so we will ensure that security is tight,” he said.

Shongwe also revealed that a prominent government official has been invited to deliver a keynote address.

“We will have a guest on the day but we are still waiting for confirmation before revealing their identity to the public,” he said.

To ensure everyone is well catered for, Shongwe announced that 15 cattle would be slaughtered for the event.

“The workers deserve recognition, as their contributions have helped make events like these possible. For that we are truly grateful,” Shongwe concluded.



See also

Political parties divided and scrambling to address May Workers Day Celebration if PUDEMO is allowed to speak, TUCOSWA Secretary General Mduduzi Gina says NO!

https://swazilandnews.co.za/fundza.php?nguyiphi=8939

 

Taiwan foreign minister announces medical donations to eSwatini

China News Agency, 26 April 2025

SOURCE 

TAIPEI: Taiwan’s Foreign Minister Lin Chia-lung has announced donations of advanced medical equipment to Eswatini’s Mbabane Government Hospital which he said would help enhance the African nation’s medical services.

The pledged donations, including a computed tomography scan, fundus cameras, and a patient monitor simulator, will help improve the quality of medical and health services in Eswatini, Lin said on Friday (local time), according to Taiwan’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA).

Lin, who was on a visit to the African nation from April 22-26 as President Lai Ching-te’s envoy, made the announcement during a visit to the Referral and the Emergency Complex of Mbabane Government Hospital.

Lin also said Taipei will continue to help the African ally further enhance its public health system, according to a news release issued by MOFA on Saturday.

In addition to the donations of medical equipment, Taiwan’s government also funded the renovation of the referral and emergency complex several years ago.

Meanwhile, Eswatini’s Minister of Health Mduduzi Matsebula thanked Taiwan for its support in developing the country’s healthcare system and reaffirmed his backing for Taiwan’s inclusion in the World Health Organization, the release said.

According to MOFA, before wrapping up his African trip, Lin attended the 57th birthday celebration of Eswatini King Mswati III, who has ruled the landlocked country since 1986, and a subsequent dinner.

Taiwan, officially called the Republic of China, and Eswatini established formal diplomatic ties when the latter became independent in 1968. Eswatini is Taiwan’s only African ally.

 

Taiwan signs Memorandum of Understanding with eSwatini, online publications to share over R10million “countering Swaziland News” stories

By Bongiwe Dlamini, Swaziland News, 26 April, 2025

SOURCE 

MBABANE: Lin Chia-Lung, the visiting Taiwan Foreign Minister has signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the eSwatini Government to counter what the Chinese Island describes as misinformation and disinformation.

But secret documents seen by this publication suggest that, the agreement will result to the funding of State journalists to counter information published by this Swaziland News.

This publication reported that, Taiwan will sign the agreement even before the Foreign Minister arrived in eSwatini and this, was after sources leaked some documents to this publication.

Indeed, the Taiwan Foreign Minister signed the MoU this week and according to information in possession of this publication, State journalists will share over R10million in the next few years, countering the Swaziland News stories and attacking editor Zweli Martin Dlamini.

The journalists are highly expected to create various online platforms and attack the editor, two (2) online platforms who were calling for democracy, have been identified as an alternative that will also benefit.

But the project is also targeting political activists criticizing Government and Taiwan, the political activists are highly expected to be insulted as well.

 

eSwatini urged to prioritise human capital, digital growth

Times of eSwatini, Press Reader edition, 30 April 2025

SOURCE 

MBABANE: Eswatini risks being left behind in the evolving global economy unless it rapidly addresses skills development, digital infrastructure gaps and youth unemployment, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) has warned.

In its April Regional Economic Outlook for Sub Saharan Africa, the IMF stressed that long term prosperity in the region hinges on bold investment in human capital and accelerated digitalisation, especially as the global economy transitions toward artificial intelligence (AI), service led growth and innovation driven development.

“Nearly one third of the region’s population continues to live below the poverty line,” the IMF report notes, highlighting the need for broad based growth strategies that prioritise job creation and support for the most vulnerable.

Eswatini, with its high youth unemployment rate and limited technological reach beyond urban centres, exemplifies this challenge.

To read more of this report, click here

https://www.pressreader.com/eswatini/times-of-eswatini/20250430/281904484045799

 

Jailed MP Bacede Mabuza’s supporter Gogo Esther Mathunjwa (87) arrested

Swati Newsweek 1 May, 2025

SOURCE 

HLUTHI: A veteran activist Gogo Esther Mathunjwa was forced to spend more than ten hours at the Hluthi Police Station.

This happened yesterday just few hours before King Mswati III arrived in the area. The King opened a new plaza in the tiny town at Hluthi.

“Police took away gogo Mathunjwa before King Mswati arrived. They pretended as if they were investigating criminal activity involving her. The police knew she would speak about the issue of jailed MP Bacede Mabuza. “

“She was later released yesterday around 7pm. This was a very evil plan she had a right to speak before the King,”complained one of the residents in an interview.

In her previous interview with Swati Newsweek Online editor Mathunjwa said, “I’m starving now. Bacede Mabuza ensured that my family get food. His case had deeply hurt me.”

Bacede Mabuza and Mthandeni Dube of Ngwemphisi Inkhundla were arrested and convicted after urging King Mswati III to allow the masses to elect a prime minister.

A third MP Mduduzi Gawuzela Simelane was forced to flee as police arrested more people who support the struggle for freedom in Eswatini.


SWAZI MEDIA COMMENTARY

Find us:

Blog: https://swazimedia.blogspot.com/

Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/groups/142383985790674

X (formerly Twitter): https://twitter.com  @Swazimedia

 

Monday, 14 September 2020

Swaziland coronavirus deaths top 100 as number of tests undertaken falls

The number of deaths from coronavirus in Swaziland (eSwatini) has broken through the 100 barrier to 101. Meanwhile, the number of test results announced by the Ministry of Health is falling.
 
Three new deaths were reported by the Ministry on Monday. The number of tests reported over the seven days ended 14 September 2020 were 1,751. This compared to 2,365 over the previous seven days and 2,306 for the last week of August.
 
To date 5,104 people tested positive for coronavirus (COVID-19), according to official Ministry of Health figures. Of these, 4,374 had recovered. 
 
Minster of Health Lizzie Nkosi reported on Monday a further three people – all aged in their sixties – had died of the virus, taking the total number to 101.
 
The number of deaths has risen slowly over the past weeks. On 1 August the total number of deaths was 43.
 
Swaziland has failed to get a grip on coronavirus. In March King Mswati III, the absolute monarch, ordered a partial lockdown of the kingdom. School and businesses were closed and restrictions on gatherings and travel were put into place. Many of these have since been eased.
 
The economy is broke and in early August Swaziland secured a US$110 million loan from the International Monetary Fund to help keep the kingdom going. It also got similar loans from the World Bank and African Development Bank (AfDB).
 
To secure the IMF loan the Swazi Government in a letter promised the IMF, ‘We will contain public wage spending, continuing our policies of gradual employment reduction and lower-than inflation salary adjustments. We have commissioned an external review of the extra budgetary sector with the aim of rationalizing spending and transfers to key state-owned entities and merge entities with similar mandates over time.’
 
Later in August, Prime Minister Ambrose Dlamini announced a strategic economic recovery plan that would cost E30 billion (US$1.73 billion). The Swazi Government wants E23 billion of this to be privately financed.
 
The plan listed 97 specific projects across eight sectors of the economy that ‘are ready to be implemented within 18-months beginning of 1 July 2020.’ It said 40,126 jobs would be created.
 
Observers were sceptical that the plan could be realised. Swaziland has been trying for more than a decade to reduce the government’s spending and to encourage private investment, especially from outside the kingdom. To date these efforts have largely failed. 
 
Swaziland continuously scores poorly in surveys for the ease of doing business in the kingdom.
 
See also
 
Swaziland’s plan to revive economy after coronavirus ambitious, but unrealistic
 
Swaziland pledges public sector job cuts, below inflation wage increases to secure IMF loan

Sunday, 6 September 2020

As Swaziland marks the anniversary of Independence, what happened to the optimism?

By Richard Rooney
As Swaziland (eSwatini) marks the 52nd anniversary of its independence from Great Britain I can’t help but wonder what happened to all the optimism that was voiced in 1968?

In 1968, the New York Times reported ‘Swaziland achieves independence today with much brighter immediate prospects than the other two former British High Commission territories in south Africa.’

It added, ‘It is smaller (area 6,705 sq miles: population 400,000) than Botswana or Lesotho, but commands far greater natural resources and a robust foreign trade and payments surplus.’

Those prospects were soon extinguished. Even before the present coronavirus (COVID-19) emergency all but destroyed the economy the International Monetary Fund was reporting Swaziland’s economic situation was dire. In February 2020 the IMF reported the economy in Swaziland continued to be in free-fall. Public debt was still rising, domestic arrears had grown, and international currency reserves had fallen ‘below adequate levels’. 

The growth in private investment was slowing and declining external competitiveness was hindering the kingdom’s growth prospects. Now, 40 percent of the 1.1 million population are living in extreme poverty and unemployment is high.

The political situation is equally dire. In 1973 the then king, Sobhuza II tore up the constitution and began to rule by Royal Proclamation. Despite a new constitution that came into effect in 2006 that proclamation has not been repealed.

The present king, Mswati III rules as an absolute monarch. Political parties are barred from contesting elections and groups that advocate for democratic reform are banned under the Suppression of Terrorism Act. 

People only elect 59 of the members of the House of Assembly; the King appoints a further ten. None of the 30-member Senate are elected by the people. The King chooses the Prime Minister and his Cabinet as well as top judges and civil servants.

King Mswati and his family continue to use public money to fund their own lavish lifestyles.
 
Back in 1968, people hoped for so much more (no, expected so much more from Independence). The New York Times reported (6 September 1968), ‘Swaziland achieves independence today with much brighter immediate prospects than the other two former British High Commission territories in south Africa. It is smaller (area 6,705 sq miles: population 400,000) than Botswana or Lesotho, but commands far greater natural resources and a robust foreign trade and payments surplus.

‘This is not to suggest that the Swazis lack problems. Their position as almost an island within South Africa would by itself insure long-range headaches. They currently enjoy political stability under the shrewd if traditional leadership of King Sobhuza II and the royalist Imbokodvo party of Prime Minister Mahkosini Dlamini.’

Swaziland was seen as a stable, peaceful country. Much of the credit for this was put at the feet of the then king, Sobhuza II.

The New York Times reported. ‘The 69-year-old King has been on the throne since 1921. He personifies his country: one foot in the past and the other in the future.

‘The king of the Swazis, once one of Africa’s great warring tribes, is equally at home in formal Western clothes or Mahia, the colourful national costume. He is reported to have about 170 wives and platoons of children. Statistics are sketchy, but the records do show that the king took his 50th bride in 1933.’

The Financial Times, London, UK, reported, ‘If, then, today [1968] the King reigns supreme in this tiny country ... it is very largely because it was he, and not some populist movement, that provided the impetus, back in 1960, which set his country on the road to independence.

‘This is important, for it meant that the King and his men were able to a large extent to call the tune in their negotiations with the British Government – the one attempt to impose a Whitehall-inspired constitution in 1964 was very short lived. Furthermore, by being identified from the start with the ‘struggle’ for independence in the minds of the people, the Imbokodvo has been able to stay one jump ahead of any local opposition – notably the Pan-Africanist Ngwane National Liberatory Congress – and in the end to annihilate it.’

It was the control exerted over Swaziland by King Sobhuza that for many was the key to the stability in Swaziland.

The Financial Times pointed out that it is arguable that the Whites in Swaziland would not have been willing to abandon their demand for an entrenched representation in parliament without the influence of Sobhuza.

‘There can be little doubt that Swaziland’s Whites draw great comfort from the knowledge that a conservative monarch who makes little secret of his appreciation for the White’s continuing economic contribution to the country is in charge.’

It was generally recognised internationally that ‘democracy’ in Swaziland in 1968 had shortcomings. The Financial Times put it like this, ‘In theory, he [King Sobhuza II] is only a constitutional monarch, and as Head of State he will have to live with a Parliament consisting of a 12 man Senate and a 30-man House of Assembly. But, in practice, it is very difficult to see the legislature going against the king’s wishes; for in practically every sense it is the King’s Parliament. To start with, all 24 elected members in the Assembly belong to the Royalist Imbokodvo National Movement, founded in early 1964, and headed by Prince Makhosini Dlamini, a member of the Royal family and now Swaziland’s first Prime Minister.

‘Secondly, the King has the power to appoint six Senate members with the remainder being elected by the House of Assembly.

‘Thirdly, there is his influence in the Swazi National Council, the body of chiefs and elders through which kings have traditionally governed the Swazi nation. And as long as Swaziland retains its unitary tribal structure, the SNC is likely to remain an important body for it is here that the vast majority of the people will make their grievances immediately felt, which will then be transmitted via the king to parliament, rather than the other way round...’

History tells us that this confidence in Sobhuza was misplaced. In 1973, after the people of Swaziland freely elected members of parliament of whom he disapproved, the King abandoned the parliament, tore up the constitution and ruled by decree. Swaziland is still (technically, at least) ruled by this decree.

The total lack of democracy in Swaziland, the banning of political parties and the stripping of power from Parliament dates from 1973. Most of the kingdom’s present day shortcomings can be directly attributed to the crushing lack of democracy that stifled debate and penalised those who dare to have a view contrary to those of the ruling elite.

The lack of political sophistication in Swaziland was noted by the Financial Times, ‘the very lack of political sophistication in the country – no small reason for the King’s strong hold over its affairs – is likely to bolster this stability in the short term.’

Even in 1968 there were concerns about whether the people of Swaziland were being truly represented in Parliament. Elections in 1967 had seen the Ngwane National Liberatory Congress (NNLC) get 20 percent of the vote, but no seats.

The Financial Times reported with more foresight than it probably realised at the time, ‘Votes came mainly from the tiny, but growing, white-collar urban working class.

‘Moreover, with hindsight it is now apparent that the vote was not so much for the NNLC but against the Establishment, so that even if Dr Zwane [the NNLC leader] disappears from the scene, the forces which had been channelled through his party, will remain.’

See also

Anniversary of day Swaziland stopped being a democracy and became absolute monarchy
Swazis did not choose political system

Monday, 17 August 2020

Swaziland’s plan to revive economy after coronavirus ambitious, but unrealistic


The eSwatini (Swaziland) Government is relying on the private sector to revive the kingdom’s economy after the coronavirus pandemic is over.

Prime Minister Ambrose Dlamini announced a strategic economic recovery plan that would cost E30 billion (US$1.73 billion). The Swazi Government wants E23 billion of this to be privately financed.

The plan listed 97 specific projects across eight sectors of the economy that ‘are ready to be implemented within 18-months beginning of 1 July 2020.’ It said 40,126 jobs would be created.

The plan emphasised the recovery would result in a private sector-led economy. To achieve this there needed to be ‘fundamental economic reforms’. These included ‘a shift away from Government as the central driver of the economy. Instead, Government needs to re-establish itself as the key enabler of growth across all sectors of the economy.

‘In enabling the private sector, the Government of eSwatini will focus on creating a conducive business environment’. It added, ‘Overall, a focus on “big projects” that will be driven by the private sector will stimulate the necessary economic reforms to allow the private sector to lead and expand the eSwatini economy for greater income generation and wealth creation.’

The plan stated, ‘The ultimate outcome of the recovery plan is to create the pathway for high value investment to settle in eSwatini so that the country can be Africa’s most preferred host for high net-worth individuals and the head office capital for multi-corporations.’

The plan was welcomed by business interests in the kingdom. The local media in the kingdom where King Mswati III rules as an absolute monarch were largely supportive.

None pointed out that Swaziland has been trying for more than a decade to reduce the government’s spending and to encourage private investment, especially from outside the kingdom. To date these efforts have largely failed. 

Swaziland continuously scores poorly in surveys for the ease of doing business in the kingdom.

In June 2017, the Open Society Initiative for Southern Africa (OSISA) reported the kingdom, was riddled with corruption in both private and public places.

In May 2019, the US State Department in its annual review of human rights in Swaziland found there was a widespread public perception of corruption in the executive and legislative branches of government and a consensus that the government ‘did little to combat it’. 

It added, ‘Credible reports continued that a person’s relationship with government officials influenced the awarding of government contracts; the appointment, employment, and promotion of officials; recruitment into the security services; and school admissions. Authorities rarely took action on reported incidents of nepotism.’

Swaziland remains a desperately poor kingdom where about seven in ten of the 1.1 million population live on incomes less than the equivalent of US$2 per day. 

Swaziland’s economy has been in freefall for years and the coronavirus (COVID19) pandemic accelerated its decline. Government revenues have fallen and the recovery plan stated ‘continuing implementing government programmes without adjustment/reallocation of the budget may lead to a situation where government will not able to pay civil servants’.

Swaziland has already secured an emergency loan of US$101.4 million from the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and another E2 billion loan from the African Export-Import Bank. It wants to borrow another US$100 million from the IMF and US$200 million from the World Bank.

The Swazi Government pledged to cut public sector jobs, contain wages and award below inflation salary increases in order to get the loan from the IMF.

The new economic recovery plan is ambitions but unrealistic. In February 2020, just before coronavirus struck the IMF reported the economy continued to be in decline. Public debt was still rising, domestic arrears were growing, and international currency reserves had fallen ‘below adequate levels’. 

The growth in private investment was slowing and declining external competitiveness hindered the kingdom’s growth prospects. None of that has changed and the effects of the lockdown on the economy introduced by King Mswati in March has made the situation worse.

The IMF reported in February 2020, ‘Economic indicators are expected to remain weak. GDP growth [the total value of goods and services in the kingdom] is projected to temporarily pick up in 2020, as the government plans to repay some arrears, but growth would be subdued afterwards as fiscal imbalances persist and the private sector remains hamstrung.’

The IMF predicted the government’s deficit was expected to remain large and public debt would rise to above 60 percent of GDP over the medium-term and contribute to further reduce international currency reserves.

Richard Rooney

See also

Swaziland pledges public sector job cuts, below inflation wage increases to secure IMF loan

IMF reports Swaziland public debt rising, foreign reserves fallen ‘below adequate levels’